5/2/2023 0 Comments Old norse translator![]() ![]() It explores (1) the regional and textual conditions for the survival of such loans and (2) their expansion into late medieval London English and into the emerging standard language. This paper focuses on Norse lexical loans that survived during and beyond the period of French rule and became part of this basic vocabulary. Most of the Norse legal and administrative terms attested in Old English were replaced by equivalents from the French superstrate soon after the Norman Conquest, whereas a remarkable number of more basic terms are known to have become part of the very basic vocabulary of modern Standard English. The material has a predominantly ecclesiastical and learned character, and yet it represents a mode of literacy quite distinct from the familiar contemporary manuscript culture The examples which now allow us to define this group are published here, most of them for the first time. The phase is represented particularly by a number of recently found inscriptions on pieces of lead sheet. ![]() The present paper identifies a ‘Late Anglo-Saxon’ phase, defined in terms of runographic practice and historical and archaeological context rather than linguistic criteria, although interestingly runic inscriptions of Latin text are prominent in this set. Pre-Old English and Early Old English phases that cover the fifth century AD to the ninth can be defined on linguistic grounds concurrently, quite distinctive forms and uses of text are associated with each of these phases. Three principal historical stages can now be identified. Few of these inscriptions can be disparaged as mere graffiti, and it is in fact clear that there is a significant patterning in the types of text written in runes in successive phases within the more than six centuries of the Anglo-Saxon Period. The corpus of runic inscriptions from Anglo-Saxon England is growing steadily, and the evidence of several recent finds sheds valuable new light on the range and role of literacy in this culture as well as on early forms of the Old English language and its dialects. Both words offer important evidence for biblical translation practices, and contribute to our knowledge about the Christianisation of Norse speaking peoples and Anglo-Norse language contact in Viking Age England. In the absence of clear-cut linguistic criteria for identifying loan translations between these two closely related languages, this paper draws on a range of literary evidence to argue for a strong likelihood of a relationship between the two compounds. ‘neck-book’) – that have traditionally been considered loan translations from Old English to Old Norse with little evidence other than their formation from cognate elements. Much of this material requires reassessment and this paper provides a case study of two parallel compound formations in both languages – OE bærsynnig /ON bersynðugr (‘one who is openly sinful publican’), and OE healsbōc /ON hálsbók (‘phylactery, amulet’, lit. from Old English to Old Norse, which have not attracted the same amount of attention in current scholarship. However, there are a significant number of words that have been considered borrowings in the “other” direction, i. A recent resurgence of interest in Old Norse linguistic borrowings in Old English has greatly expanded our knowledge of the contact situation between these two speech communities in the early medieval period and beyond. ![]()
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